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The Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure Band (U-NII) was created in the U.S. in January 1997. 300 MHz of spectrum in the % GHz band was allocated for high speed wireless digital communications that does not require FCC licensing. U-NII devices are expected to operate data rates up to 20 Mbps, sufficient to communicate multimedia content. The intent is to support the creation of new wireless local area networks (LANs) and facilitate access to a national information highway. This will offer computer users in schools, libraries, businesses, and hospitals the ability to connect wirelessly to one another and to the Internet, and permit users to establish their own longer-reach wideband "community networks" in municipalities and throughout many rural areas.
The U-NII band is divided into 3 100 MHz segments:
The Ultra-Short Range (Intra-Building) U-NII Sub-Band covers 5.15-5.25 GHz, frequency spectrum compatible with the European HIPERLAN /BRAN local area wireless network standard. This band is intended for a varity of short-range communications between computing devices such as computers, servers, and printers, and within a very local area such as within a room or in adjoining rooms. Devices in this sub-band are restricted to indoor operations only.
The Short-Range (Inter-Building) U-NII Sub-Band coverst 5.25-5.35 GHz. Devices in this sub-band are intended to facilitate communications within and between buildingsto create campus-type local area networks (LANs). The range limit of these devices will be slightly less than 1 mile in line of sight (topography allowing) due to the directional nature of the antenna.
The Moderate Range (Community-Wide) U-NII Sub-Band, 5.725-5.825 GHz, lies within the 5.7 GHz ISM band set up by part 15 regulations. Devices in this sub-band are intended to facilitate community networks with a typical range of several miles, as well as longer range point-to-point links.
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